All You Need To Know About Vitamin A

Vitamin A

• Vitamin A is fat soluble.
• It is absorbed in he mucosal cells.
• All the compound of this enzyme is referred to as Carotene.

Functions of Vitamin A:

1. Vision:Vitamin A has a keyrole in the vision both in dark and colored vision. The vision for dim light is mediated by the rhodopsin of the rod cells, color vision is mediated by the porphyropsin,iodopsin and cyanopsin of the cones cell.There is a cyclic event going on for the vision. It is known as the Wald's vision.
2. Gene Regulation: retinoic acid has role in regulation of the gen expression, especially during the development.Several genes whose expression are altered by retinoic acid are involved in the earliest processes o embryogenesis including the differention of three germ layers and organogenesis.
3. Immunological function: The retinoic acid of the vitamin A helps in the differention of T cells.In the gut under the presence of retinoic acid the T cells are converted in to the regulatory T cells.
4. Antioxidant Property:
• Beta carotene(pro vitamin of Vitamin A found in plants) is an essential in trapping the free radicals in tissues.
• The antioxidant property has also an anticancer activity.
• High levels of dietary carotenoids have been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.
5. Efefct on skin: Vitamin A is necessary for the mainatinence of normal epithelium and skin.The retinoic acid maintains the normal condition of the skin.

Deficiency of Vitamin A:

• Night blindness:Vision in diminished in low light.Reading,driving or doing anyother activity inn the dim light or night is difficult.
• Bitot's spot:grayish white spots firmly adherent to the cornea.The conjunctiva in certain spaces are thickened. 
• Xeropthalmia:conjunctiva becomes dry,thick and wrinkled.The cornea gets keratinised. 
• Blindness:One of the major causes of blindess in children below five is deficiency of vitamin A.
• On Skin:As mentioned above Vitamin A is useful in maintaining the skin normal health. Deficiency may cauuse keratinization of the skin and the skin might become rough. Acne:Most common skin problem mostly prevailing in the teenager age group.It is due to the oversecretion of the sebaceous glands.Isoretinone a varient of vitamin A is used to reduce the sebaceous secretions.

Causes of vitamin A deficiency:

• Primary reason in the defiecincy of the vitamin is due to low intake of the caretenoids from diet.
• Secondary reason is the deficiency is sometimes associated with the:
  • obstructive jaundice.
  • hepatic disease
  • alcoholism

Sources of Vitamin A:

• Animal Sources:
  • Milk
  • Butter
  • Cream
  • cheese
  • Egg yolk
  
• Vegetable Sources:
  • carrot
  • Papaya
  • Mango
  • Pumpkins
  • Spinach
  

Recommened daily allowance of Vitamin A:

• Children: 400-600 micro gm/day.
• Men: 750-1000 micro gm/day.
• Women: 750 micro gm/day.
• Pregnancy: 1000 micro gm/day.

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